Pope Leo XIII, Satis Cognitum, June 29, 1896, par. 9, 12, 15: “The practice of the Church has always been the same, as is shown by the unanimous teaching of the Fathers, who were wont to hold as outside Catholic communion, and alien to the Church, whoever would recede in the least degree from any point of doctrine proposed by her authoritative Magisterium... How could he fulfil this office without the power of commanding, forbidding, and judging, which is properly called jurisdiction? ...it is absurd to imagine that he who is outside can command in the Church.”