“Hearing with what severe and terrible judgement the land of Jerusalem has been smitten by the divine hand, we and our brothers have been confounded by such great horror and affected by such great sorrow that we could not easily decide what to do or say; over this situation the psalmist laments and says: ‘O God, the heathens are come into Thy inheritance.’ (Ps. 78:1)”  Pope Gregory VIII, Audita Tremendi, October 29, 1187: